This is a work in progress article I'm using to build up my understanding of computer networking.

Standards

OSI model

The Open Systems Interconnection model is a basis for standards development in systems interconnection.

Physical Layer

Converts digital bits into electrical, radio or optical signals

• NIC: Network Interface Controller
• Ethernet hub
• Network switch
• Physical transmission media

Standards at this layer include Bluetooth, Ethernet, USB

Data link layer

• Medium Access Control Address (MAC) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address
• Logical link control (LLC)

Others

• network
• transport
• session
• presentation
• application

IEEE 802

Family of standards for local area networks (LANs) and other types.

Terms

• Packet filtering
• Network address translation (NAT)
  • masquerading
  • port forwarding
  • redirection
• Port translation

Internet Protocol Suite

• RFC 1122
• RFC 1123

Link Layer

• Address Resolution Procotol (ARP) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_Resolution_Protocol

Transport Layer

• TCP
• UDP
• QUIC